Quarterly Journal of Political Science > Vol 16 > Issue 3

Insights from the Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition on Polarization in the US Senate

Daniel M. Butler, Department of Political Science, University of California, USA, dmbutler@ucsd.edu
 
Suggested Citation
Daniel M. Butler (2021), "Insights from the Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition on Polarization in the US Senate", Quarterly Journal of Political Science: Vol. 16: No. 3, pp 359-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00019219

Publication Date: 13 Jul 2021
© 2021 D. M. Butler
 
Subjects
Congress,  Legislatures
 
Keywords
Congresspolarizationcopartisans
 

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In this article:
Baseline Model of Representation 
Copartisan Voters and Polarization 
Voter Extremity and Legislative Responsiveness as Contributors to Polarization 
Decomposing Changes in Polarization 
Advantages of the Decomposition Approach 
Polarization in the US Senate 
Discussion 
References 

Abstract

I study the change in polarization in the US Senate from the period 1947–1966 to 1995–2014. I use a decomposition approach to quantify how much of the increase in polarization between those two periods can be explained by the representation relationship with all voters versus the representation relationship with copartisans. The decomposition also identifies the portion that arose from voters changing positions and how much arose from politicians changing how responsive they are to voters. I find that the representation relationship explains a majority of the increase in polarization. Furthermore, I find that Republicans have become more conservative because they have become more responsive to the positions of their copartisan base. Copartisan sub-constituencies matter for representation and are a source of increased polarization. The data also shows that Democrats have contributed to polarization because the overall electorate in their districts have become more socially liberal.

DOI:10.1561/100.00019219

Online Appendix | 100.00019219_app.zip (ZIP).

This is the article's accompanying appendix.

DOI: 10.1561/100.00019219_app

Replication Data | 100.00019219_supp.zip (ZIP).

This file contains the data that is required to replicate the data on your own system.

DOI: 10.1561/100.00019219_supp