APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing > Vol 14 > Issue 1

Research and Standards in 3D Scene Description Technologies: A Survey

Dong-shin Lim, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Dong-hun Lee, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Dong-hwi Kim, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Jeong-hun Hong, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Aro Kim, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Chae-yeong Song, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Bosung Baek, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Dabin Kang, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Myeong-jin Jang, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, Jinwoo Jeong, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, South Korea, Sungjei Kim, Korea University of Technology and Education, South Korea, Sang-hyo Park, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, s.park@knu.ac.kr
 
Suggested Citation
Dong-shin Lim, Dong-hun Lee, Dong-hwi Kim, Jeong-hun Hong, Aro Kim, Chae-yeong Song, Bosung Baek, Dabin Kang, Myeong-jin Jang, Jinwoo Jeong, Sungjei Kim and Sang-hyo Park (2025), "Research and Standards in 3D Scene Description Technologies: A Survey", APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing: Vol. 14: No. 1, e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/116.20250038

Publication Date: 07 Oct 2025
© 2025 R. Kawano and M. Kawamura
 
Subjects
3D reconstruction and image-based modeling,  Standards,  Object and scene recognition
 
Keywords
3D Scene Graphs3D UnderstandingMPEGscene descriptionfile format
 

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This is published under the terms of CC BY-NC.

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In this article:
Introduction 
Academic Research in 3D Scene Description 
Industry Standardization Efforts for 3D Scene Description 
Discussion of Future Directions 
Conclusion 
References 

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the metaverse drives the growing demand for effective 3D scene description technologies, as well as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications. However, a noticeable disconnect remains between academic research and industry-driven standardization efforts. While academic work often focuses on semantic richness, such as through the development of 3D scene graphs, industry standards prioritize interoperability, exemplified by the MPEG graphics language transmission format (i.e., glTF) extensions. This survey seeks to bridge this divide by systematically reviewing and comparing pivotal contributions from both academia and industry related to 3D scene description technologies and standardization efforts. Our analysis highlights notable differences in methodologies, data formats, and core objectives. Key challenges include the need for unified data representations and the establishment of standardized evaluation benchmarks to support broader integration. This survey emphasizes the urgent need for closer collaboration between academia and industry and proposes potential pathways towards a unified framework to accelerate the real-world adoption of advanced 3D scene description technologies.

DOI:10.1561/116.20250038